What are the Intermediate Measures?
Intermediate measures consider the number of visitors travelling by different methods of transport, and the total distance travelled by all visitors (to and from the event), and also during the event. These include:
- Total distance (miles/km) travelled by visitors to /from the event
- Proportion of visitors travelling by car
- Proportion of visitors using car-sharing schemes
- Proportion of visitors travelling by other private modes (e.g. camper van, van, coach services and motorbike)
- Proportion of visitors travelling by public transport (i.e. bus and rail)
- Proportion of visitors that walk and cycle
Simple questions asking visitors to state how they travelled to the event, where they travelled from, and the number of people they travelled with can be used to assess the impact of event related travel. It may be worth asking why they decided to travel in a certain way (i.e. convenience, cost), as this can help identify potential barriers to encouraging sustainable travel in the future. Examples of visitor travel at major events in the UK are presented below.
Visitor travel to sport and cultural events in the UK (Source: Cardiff University)
|
Event
|
FA Cup Final (2004)
[73,000 visitors]
|
Rugby 6 Nations fixture (2005)
[85,499 visitors]
|
UK Stages Tour de France (2007) [1,900,000 visitors]
|
Hay Festival (2012)
[100,000 visitors]
|
Sŵn Festival (2016)
[2,500 visitors]
|
|
Method of travel
|
Percentage of total distance travelled
|
|
|
Air
|
-
|
3
|
59
|
35
|
2
|
|
Car
|
47
|
60
|
12
|
59
|
25
|
|
Raila
|
34
|
18
|
20
|
4
|
58
|
|
Bus and Coach
|
17
|
16
|
5
|
2
|
|
Otherb
|
2
|
3
|
3
|
1
|
16
|
|
Total
|
43.2 million km
|
24.3 million km
|
1.39 billion km
|
71 million km
|
52,300 km
|
|
Per visitor
|
591 km
|
284 km
|
734 km
|
710 km
|
21 km
|
a Includes National Rail, London Underground and Channel Tunnel.
bIncludes boat, camper van, cycling, ferry, motorcycle, motorhome, taxi and walking.